Objective 37- Describe the characteristics of short and long term memory and the theories of forgetting.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/7/8/26784885/329767375.jpg)
Theories of Forgetting:
Encoding Failure- What we fail to encode and "put in a folder" seems to be lost from what we can remember and becomes harder to retrieve.
Storage Decay- Slowly the memories and understanding begin "decay" (physical memory), if you are not exposed to this type of exposure then the memory decays.
Retrieval Failure- When you have encoded a memory or something worth recalling, with this theory the data is harder to find. Your brain takes longer to find the folder and retrieve what you need.
Short-Term Memory is a very quick process, you hold the information for a small window of time before it slips out of reach or stored.
Example: 7 digits of a phone number.
Long-Term Memory is a the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Long term memory includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. Long term memory differs structurally and functionally from all the other types of memory, according to the latest theory.
Example: Knowledge, Skills, and Experience.
Preforming Brain Surgery, you have the skill and knowledge; hence you gain experience and store that know how.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-avRBno4WLfM/Tw11OZE1CRI/AAAAAAAAAC4/yFHyUcWRPbw/s1600/wod_brain-1.jpg
Encoding Failure- What we fail to encode and "put in a folder" seems to be lost from what we can remember and becomes harder to retrieve.
Storage Decay- Slowly the memories and understanding begin "decay" (physical memory), if you are not exposed to this type of exposure then the memory decays.
Retrieval Failure- When you have encoded a memory or something worth recalling, with this theory the data is harder to find. Your brain takes longer to find the folder and retrieve what you need.
Short-Term Memory is a very quick process, you hold the information for a small window of time before it slips out of reach or stored.
Example: 7 digits of a phone number.
Long-Term Memory is a the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Long term memory includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. Long term memory differs structurally and functionally from all the other types of memory, according to the latest theory.
Example: Knowledge, Skills, and Experience.
Preforming Brain Surgery, you have the skill and knowledge; hence you gain experience and store that know how.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-avRBno4WLfM/Tw11OZE1CRI/AAAAAAAAAC4/yFHyUcWRPbw/s1600/wod_brain-1.jpg
Objective 38- Describe the different theories of motivation.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/7/8/26784885/460599005.jpg)
There are three types of motivation according to Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers.
The first discussed is Intrinsic Motivation, which means that it is more of an instinctive motivation.
Example: A fish just keeps swimming, just keeps, swimming; simply, because he has too.
The second is Drive-Reduction Motivation, this is described as a motivation only to fulfill a need or desire.
Example: We are hungry, so the motivation destined by nature motivates us to go and get food.
The third is Arousal Theory Motivation, we are called to achieve high levels of sensation or success. So we seek this sensation.
Example: To contain this, you sky dive, because you are searching for a large arousal.
Image:
http://earlychildhoodeducation.vanguard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/motivation.jpg
The first discussed is Intrinsic Motivation, which means that it is more of an instinctive motivation.
Example: A fish just keeps swimming, just keeps, swimming; simply, because he has too.
The second is Drive-Reduction Motivation, this is described as a motivation only to fulfill a need or desire.
Example: We are hungry, so the motivation destined by nature motivates us to go and get food.
The third is Arousal Theory Motivation, we are called to achieve high levels of sensation or success. So we seek this sensation.
Example: To contain this, you sky dive, because you are searching for a large arousal.
Image:
http://earlychildhoodeducation.vanguard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/motivation.jpg
Objective 39- Summarize the ethical guidelines for research on human subjects.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/7/8/26784885/344399409.jpg)
Humans are meant to be treated as such, not animals or beasts that
crawl; though, those have much value as well. Not meaningless, esteemed for our intellect. A life is a
life, not so easily thrown away or wasted. Hence the precautions that have been
put in place to protect the lives of others. Before babies were kept away from
affection, leading to their deaths. So today, we are to make sure that the patient
or person in observation is aware that their care is the highest priority.
Guidelines include consent, and the clearance of the health departments and the
necessary clearances they need to bypass to conduct the experiment.
So if you were to be experimented on, I would hope that you would want to know why you were there and what was going to be happening to you. There is safety precautions for a reason, so that there is no room for death or injury to be inflicted without the consent or clearance. There is a moral code to things, and they need to be followed. For that is the reason in which it was put into place, safety and health interest.
Throughout the years humans have been used as test tubes, trial and error, trial and error. With not so much as a waver to sign. Since those times there has now been rules implemented so that the humanness that is honored with every living creature is honored. So lets say you walk into a clinic and are about to receive some experimental drug to help cure or alleviate your pain. You give consent and are given the rules, regulations, and risks along with the experiment. If it looks and sounds sketchy, it probably is.
Image: http://resources1.news.com.au/images/2011/02/28/1226013/216141-experiments-on-humans.jpg
Resources :http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/MEDICAL_ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_7_Human_Experimentation/Reading-Nazi-experimentation.htm
So if you were to be experimented on, I would hope that you would want to know why you were there and what was going to be happening to you. There is safety precautions for a reason, so that there is no room for death or injury to be inflicted without the consent or clearance. There is a moral code to things, and they need to be followed. For that is the reason in which it was put into place, safety and health interest.
Throughout the years humans have been used as test tubes, trial and error, trial and error. With not so much as a waver to sign. Since those times there has now been rules implemented so that the humanness that is honored with every living creature is honored. So lets say you walk into a clinic and are about to receive some experimental drug to help cure or alleviate your pain. You give consent and are given the rules, regulations, and risks along with the experiment. If it looks and sounds sketchy, it probably is.
Image: http://resources1.news.com.au/images/2011/02/28/1226013/216141-experiments-on-humans.jpg
Resources :http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/MEDICAL_ETHICS_TEXT/Chapter_7_Human_Experimentation/Reading-Nazi-experimentation.htm
Objective 40- Define intelligence and the history of measuring it.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/7/8/26784885/722759398.jpg?313)
Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Example: Let's say I burn myself on the stove after reaching for the salt over the flame, so now this new information has expanded my intelligence not to reach that way again.
To know what to do and what not to do, to be academically fit as well as using this knowledge in the social community.
One theorist was Charles Spearman believed that we have one general intelligence, developed factor analysis or a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related item. Another was Gardner who viewed the intelligence as multiple packages (8 intelligences). Sternberg's 3 intelligences (analytical, creative, and practical).
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image:
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/huber195/psy1001spring12/intelligence_testing.jpg
Example: Let's say I burn myself on the stove after reaching for the salt over the flame, so now this new information has expanded my intelligence not to reach that way again.
To know what to do and what not to do, to be academically fit as well as using this knowledge in the social community.
One theorist was Charles Spearman believed that we have one general intelligence, developed factor analysis or a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related item. Another was Gardner who viewed the intelligence as multiple packages (8 intelligences). Sternberg's 3 intelligences (analytical, creative, and practical).
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image:
http://blog.lib.umn.edu/huber195/psy1001spring12/intelligence_testing.jpg
Objective 41- Summarize the development of language formation.
![Picture](/uploads/2/6/7/8/26784885/271821663.png?861)
Language Development is the process in which the child begins to learn and communicate with others. The cart above shows you the progress the child make, thought the process starts before birth.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition In Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image:
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/9870476.png
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition In Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image:
http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/9870476.png