Objective 24- Describe the development of congruence and incongruence.
![Picture](http://www.editmysite.com/editor/images/na.png)
Incongruence in psychology is described as a person's self-image, seeing themselves, is different and separate from their ideal-self, the way they wish they were or what they aspire to be. This can be dangerous in extreme cases (lead to depression).
Congruence occurs when a person's self-image and ideal-self overlap. This goes along with the aging process. As you are getting older you see reality and what you can ACTULLY accomplish.
Resources:
www.simplypsychology.com
Image:
http://www.simplypsychology.org/congruence.jpg
Congruence occurs when a person's self-image and ideal-self overlap. This goes along with the aging process. As you are getting older you see reality and what you can ACTULLY accomplish.
Resources:
www.simplypsychology.com
Image:
http://www.simplypsychology.org/congruence.jpg
Objective 25- Describe the therapeutic concepts of therapeutic neutrality, free association, interpretation, and transference.
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Therapeutic Neutrality is when a psychologist or professional serves as a back board for the patient and remaining very neutral to whatever you have to say.
Example: You cheated on your math test, and you talk to your therapist about it. They don't judge you, they are there to listen to what you have to say.
Free Association is the mental process by which one word or image may spontaneously suggest another without any apparent connection.
Example: You see a frog, and you associate that word with princess. Frog Princess.
"Interpretation is used to interpret a person's experiences and dreams."
Example: You have a dream about having a relationship with a certain person, that could lead to the question if you have feelings for this person.
Psychology Dictionary: What is INTERPRETATION? definition of INTERPRETATION (Psychology Dictionary)
Transference is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. (Google Dictionary)
Example: So let's say you break a glass because your brother scared you. You then transfer the blame onto him so that you don't feel the guilt of breaking the glass.
Example: You cheated on your math test, and you talk to your therapist about it. They don't judge you, they are there to listen to what you have to say.
Free Association is the mental process by which one word or image may spontaneously suggest another without any apparent connection.
Example: You see a frog, and you associate that word with princess. Frog Princess.
"Interpretation is used to interpret a person's experiences and dreams."
Example: You have a dream about having a relationship with a certain person, that could lead to the question if you have feelings for this person.
Psychology Dictionary: What is INTERPRETATION? definition of INTERPRETATION (Psychology Dictionary)
Transference is a phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another. (Google Dictionary)
Example: So let's say you break a glass because your brother scared you. You then transfer the blame onto him so that you don't feel the guilt of breaking the glass.
Objective 26- Summarize the difference between a non-directive and directive therapy and explain why Rogers' approach is non-directive.
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Directive Therapy is more of the professional TELLING you what to do and expecting you to follow through.
Example: Let's say that you have been feeling depressed because your pet died. A therapist using the direct approach will tell you exactly what to do to get over what you are feeling, not saying that it will go away. BUT, only to assist you; saying well, go buy another dog, have a balloon release of your feelings, or even write it all in a journal.
Non-directive is basically letting the client/ patient take the wheel, letting them decide their pace and their regulations of how THEY feel they can get better.
Example: You feel trapped inside a relationship, the man sitting across from you nods (therapist). Soon, after talking it through you decide what you are going to do about it. You decide to end the relationship and in doing so you feel the empowerment because YOU came up with the solution.
Roger's approach appears non-directive because he encouraged and thought his peers to use kindness, empathy, and acceptance rather than offering a result that SEEMS apparent to them but may not be the best thing for the patient.
Example: Let's say that you have been feeling depressed because your pet died. A therapist using the direct approach will tell you exactly what to do to get over what you are feeling, not saying that it will go away. BUT, only to assist you; saying well, go buy another dog, have a balloon release of your feelings, or even write it all in a journal.
Non-directive is basically letting the client/ patient take the wheel, letting them decide their pace and their regulations of how THEY feel they can get better.
Example: You feel trapped inside a relationship, the man sitting across from you nods (therapist). Soon, after talking it through you decide what you are going to do about it. You decide to end the relationship and in doing so you feel the empowerment because YOU came up with the solution.
Roger's approach appears non-directive because he encouraged and thought his peers to use kindness, empathy, and acceptance rather than offering a result that SEEMS apparent to them but may not be the best thing for the patient.
Objective 27- Describe the attitude of the client-centered therapist (congruence, empathy, and unconditional positive regard).
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According to Roger's the client-centered therapist must show empathy, acceptance, and genuineness. The listen and do not judge what you are saying, they just support by letting you talk.
1. Congruent means that the professional must apply a sense of equivalence. They are on the same page a the person they are trying to help, they are not better and nor are they less than the individual.
2. Empathetic, as in trying to understand genuinely how the person feels. Offering support and sympathy for what the patient is feeling.
3. And give positive regard which means a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image Above: http://www.counsellingtutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/core-conditions.png
1. Congruent means that the professional must apply a sense of equivalence. They are on the same page a the person they are trying to help, they are not better and nor are they less than the individual.
2. Empathetic, as in trying to understand genuinely how the person feels. Offering support and sympathy for what the patient is feeling.
3. And give positive regard which means a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Image Above: http://www.counsellingtutor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/core-conditions.png
Objective 28- Distinguish between the various definitional and theoretical models of abnormal behavior.
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How can we possibly define something so vast as abnormal behavior? I mean, it just stretch's so wide that it is hard to believe that we have a diagnosis for everything, oh wait, we don't.
To define Abnormal Behavior we have biological influences, psychological influences, and social-cultural influences.
Examples:
Biological-Genetics are a factor, predisposition, brain structure, chemistry, stress, trauma.
Theoretical Models of Abnormal Behavior are defined by individuals are leading to a specific psychological disorder.
Examples of Models:
Using the DSM can be using a theoretical model and working backwards to find the cure or find the diagnosis.
Say, there is an eating disorder in play and we are trying to define the mental evidence to define what is going on. So we look for the symptoms and then define what the problem is , whether it be an eating disorder or it is genetic in need of medical intervention or therapy.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
To define Abnormal Behavior we have biological influences, psychological influences, and social-cultural influences.
Examples:
Biological-Genetics are a factor, predisposition, brain structure, chemistry, stress, trauma.
Theoretical Models of Abnormal Behavior are defined by individuals are leading to a specific psychological disorder.
Examples of Models:
Using the DSM can be using a theoretical model and working backwards to find the cure or find the diagnosis.
Say, there is an eating disorder in play and we are trying to define the mental evidence to define what is going on. So we look for the symptoms and then define what the problem is , whether it be an eating disorder or it is genetic in need of medical intervention or therapy.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
Objective 29- Describe the diagnostic techniques used by psychologists.
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- Axis I: Using specifically defined criteria, clinicians may select none, one or more syndromes for the list of 16 available.
- Axis II: Is a personality disorder or Mental Retardation present?
- Axis III: Is a general medical condition, such as diabetes, hypertension, or arthritis, also present?
- Axis IV: Are psychosocial or environmental problems, such as school, or housing issues, also present?
- Axis V: What is the global Assessment of this persons functioning?
They diagnose out of the DSM-IV-TR which stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
EXAMPLE:
It's just like a backwards cook book. Normally when dealing with a recipe you would look up what you are going to make and then find the ingredients but in the DSM you look up the ingredient (symptoms) and diagnose from there.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers
EXAMPLE:
It's just like a backwards cook book. Normally when dealing with a recipe you would look up what you are going to make and then find the ingredients but in the DSM you look up the ingredient (symptoms) and diagnose from there.
Resources:
Psychology: Tenth Edition in Modules, By: David G. Meyers